Vue.component('pdc-arv-overview', { template: '
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Proportion of Days Covered: Antiretroviral Medications (PDC-ARV)

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Description

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The percentage of individuals 18 years and older who met the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) threshold of 90% for ≥3 antiretroviral medications during the measurement year.

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A higher rate indicates better performance.

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Additional Information

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Intended Use

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Performance measurement for health plans.

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Data Sources

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Prescription claims data.

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Denominator

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Individuals who filled a prescription for ≥3 distinct ARVs (as a single agent or as a combination) each with 2 different dates of service during the measurement year.

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Exclusions

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Hospice.

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Numerator

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Individuals from the denominator who met the PDC threshold of 90% during the measurement year.

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' }); Vue.component('pdc-arv-ref-1', { template: '' + 'Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents Living with HIV [Internet]. Department of Health and Human Services. [cited 2017 Oct 17]. Available from: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescent-arv/0.' + '1' + '' }); Vue.component('pdc-arv-ref-2', { template: '' + 'Chalker J, Andualem T, Tadeg H, et al. Developing standard methods to monitor adherence to antiretroviral medicines and treatment defaulting in resource-poor settings: The International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs Initiative on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy. Essential Medicines Monitor. 2009 [cited 2019 May 31]; 1: 4-8. Available from: https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/monitor/EMM_art3Issue_1_2009.pdf.' + '2' + '' }); Vue.component('pdc-arv-ref-3', { template: '' + 'Langness J, Cook PF, Gill J, Boggs R, Netsanet N. Comparison of adherence rates for antiretroviral, blood pressure, or mental health medications for HIV-positive patients at an academic medical center outpatient pharmacy. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2014; 20(8):809-14. PMID: 25062074.' + '3' + '' }); Vue.component('pdc-arv-rationale', { template: '
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Rationale

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In October of 2017 the Department of Health and Human Services published updates to the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adolescents Living with HIV. In these guidelines, the importance of patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy is emphasized to sustain suppression of the viral load, to reduce the risk of drug resistance, and to improve the patients' overall health, quality of life, and survival." + '' + '

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The purpose for the Proportion of Days Covered Antiretroviral Medications measure is to identify patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy. It has been demonstrated that adherence below 90-95% results in higher rates of treatment failure and development of drug resistance.' + '' + ' This differs from that seen with other chronic disease states, where 80% adherence is acceptable. Patients on antiretroviral therapy must demonstrate at least a 90% adherence rate because drug resistance develops rapidly below this threshold.' + '' + ' It has also been demonstrated that patients with adherence rates below 90% are at a greater risk for disease progression and that antiretroviral nonadherence is a major cause of HIV-related morbidity and mortality.' + '' + ' Finally, adherence to antiretroviral therapy decreases transmission rates, thereby reducing the incidence of HIV and the public health impact of the disease.' + '' + '

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Antiretroviral regimens generally consist three active ARV medications. These regimens generally include two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with a third active ARV drug from one of three drug classes: an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or a protease inhibitor (PI) with a pharmacokinetic enhancer (booster) (cobicistat or ritonavir).' + '' + '

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FAQs

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Individuals need to be covered ≥3 generic ingredients on days in the treatment period. Meaning, individuals could be covered by 3 single agent products, a combination product containing 3 ingredients, or a mix of single agent and combination products.
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This measure is based upon guidelines which recommend use of ≥3 antiviral medications for treatment of HIV. As a result, individuals on Truvada for PrEP would most likely not qualify for the eligible population/denominator since Truvada only contains two ingredients.

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The PDC calculation is appropriate for medication classes that are used on a routine basis and in which the days' supply can be accurately determined. For these reasons, our PDC measures are limited to medication classes used for chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) requiring on-going treatment and taken on a scheduled basis where days' supply and refills can be used to estimate medication use. Since Truvada for PrEP may or may not be used on an on-going basis, it is not appropriate for the PDC calculation. Accordingly, the measure was updated in 2019 from ≥2 to ≥3 antiviral medications to exclude these individuals taking Truvada for Prep.

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