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Medication Therapy for Persons with Asthma (MTPA)

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Description

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During the measurement year, the percentage of patients with asthma who were dispensed more than 3 canisters of a short-acting beta2 agonist inhaler over a 90-day period and who did not receive controller therapy during the same 90-day period. Two rates are reported.

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Additional Information

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Intended Use

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Performance measurement for health plans.

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Data Sources

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Prescription claims data.

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Denominator

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  • Suboptimal Control: Individuals ages 5-50 with consecutive fills of asthma medications (Refer to Table SAC-A) during the measurement year.
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  • Absence of Controller Therapy: Individuals from the numerator for Suboptimal Asthma Control who received more than 3 canisters in at least one 90-day period.
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Exclusions

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COPD and cystic fibrosis.

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Numerator

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  • Suboptimal Control: Individuals from the denominator that have received more than 3 canisters in at least one 90-day period.
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  • Absence of Controller Therapy: Individuals from the denominator who were not dispensed a controller therapy medication during the same 90-day period(s).
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' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-1', { template: '' + 'The National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 2007 [cited on 2018 Dec 5]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthgdln.pdf.' + '1' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-2', { template: '' + 'Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention [Internet]. 2018 [ctied on 2018 Dec 5]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/download/832/.' + '2' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-3', { template: '' + 'Murphy KR, Meltzer EO, Blaiss MS, et al. Asthma management and control in the United States: results of the 2009 Asthma Insight and Management survey. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012; 33(1):54-64. PMID: 22309716.' + '3' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-4', { template: '' + 'Deshpande M, Chewning B, Mott D, et al. Asthma medication use among late midlife U.S. Adults. J Asthma. 2016; 53(3):261-8. PMID: 26365527.' + '4' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-5', { template: '' + 'Gerald JK, Carr TF, Wei CY, et al. Albuterol Overuse: A Marker of Psychological Distress? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015; 3(6):957-62. PMID: 26341049.' + '5' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-6', { template: '' + 'Silver HS, Blanchette CM, Kamble S, et al. Quarterly assessment of short-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist use as a predictor of subsequent health care use for asthmatic patients in the United States. J Asthma. 2010; 47(6):660-6. PMID: 20615167.' + '6' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-7', { template: '' + 'Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Vollmer WM, Mosen D, et al. Validation of a beta-agonist long-term asthma control scale derived from computerized pharmacy data. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 200; 117(5):995-1000. PMID: 16675324.' + '7' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-8', { template: '' + 'Makhinova T, Barner JC, Richards KM, et al. Asthma Controller Medication Adherence, Risk of Exacerbation, and Use of Rescue Agents Among Texas Medicaid Patients with Persistent Asthma. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2015; 21(12):1124-32. PMID: 26679962.' + '8' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-ref-9', { template: '' + 'Pilcher J, Patel M, Pritchard A, et al. Beta-agonist overuse and delay in obtaining medical review in high risk asthma: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017; 27(1):33. PMID: 28496190.' + '9' + '' }); Vue.component('mtpa-rationale', { template: '
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Rationale

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by partially reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an underlying inflammation. Management of chronic asthma involves four components of care: assessment and monitoring, education, control of environmental factors and comorbid conditions and medications. The 2007 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines suggest a stepwise approach for escalation of pharmacologic therapy which is based on asthma severity and level of control.' + '' + ' For persistent asthma that is not well controlled with short-acting beta agonists (SABAs), the guidelines recommend daily use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) as the preferred therapy. Newer guidelines published by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) in 2018 are even more aggressive, advocating for use of controller therapy as soon as possible after diagnosis.' + '' + '

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Evidence, however, suggests that asthma patients often overuse their SABAs for symptom control and may underuse therapy to control their condition. According to the 2009 Asthma Insight and Management Survey, 25% of patients with moderate persistent asthma were on albuterol monotherapy solely to manage their symptoms and nearly one-half of patients considered their asthma well managed if they had to take rescue medications three times a week.' + '' + ' In a retrospective analysis of survey data, researchers found 31% of late midlife adults with asthma were using a preventive medication on a daily basis while 11% reported overusing acute medications defined as use of more than three canisters of rescue inhalers in last 3 months.' + '' + ' And, in a multi-center study of adolescents and adults with mild persistent asthma, they found 27% SABA overuse with 12% of the population using their SABA daily.' + '' + '

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Studies also show SABA overuse and maintenance therapy underuse as a marker for poor symptom control, an increased risk of exacerbations, higher healthcare costs, and greater risk of morbidity and mortality. In a retrospective cohort analysis, researchers showed that excessive SABA use in the previous quarter was associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.89-5.27) and an ED/urgent care (UC) visit (adjusted OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.32-4.28).' + '' + ' DAA treatment is also associated with substantial improvements in patient-reported outcomesAnother study found that increased use of SABAs, assessed using a scale based on the number of beta-agonists dispensed in a 1-year period, was associated with worse symptom control and increased risk of subsequent asthma hospitalizations or emergency department visits.' + '' + ' In a population of Texas Medicaid patient with asthma, researchers found that adherence to controller medication was associated with fewer oral corticosteroid claims, indicating that adherence to controller therapy is critical in preventing asthma exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroid use.' + '' + ' Research also shows that inappropriate use of SABAs is associated with a significantly lower quality of life, worse physical and mental functioning, and overall increased morbidity and mortality.' + ',' + '

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' }); Vue.component('mtpa', { template: '
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