Vue.component('ddi-overview', { template: '
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Drug-Drug Interactions (DDI)

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Description

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The percentage of individuals who received a prescription for a target medication during the measurement year and who were dispensed a concurrent prescription for a precipitant medication.

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A lower rate indicates better performance.

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Additional Information

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Intended Use

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Performance measurement for health plans.

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Data Sources

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Prescription claims data.

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Denominator

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Individuals with a prescription claim for a target medication during the measurement year.

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Exclusions

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None.

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Numerator

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Individuals in the denominator who were dispensed a concurrent precipitant medication during the measurement period.

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' }); Vue.component('ddi-ref-1', { template: '' + 'Aspden P, Wolcott JA, Bootman L, et al; Committee on Identifying and Preventing Medication Errors Board on Health Care Services. Preventing medication errors. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2007.' + '1' + '' }); Vue.component('ddi-ref-2', { template: '' + 'Dechanont S, Maphanta S, Butthum B, et al. Hospital admissions/visits associated with drug-drug interactions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014; 23(5):489-97. PMID: 24616171.' + '2' + '' }); Vue.component('ddi-ref-3', { template: '' + 'Ernst FR, Grizzle AJ. Drug-related morbidity and mortality: updating the cost-of-illness model. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2001; 41(2):192-9. PMID: 11297331.' + '3' + '' }); Vue.component('ddi-ref-4', { template: '' + 'Magro L, Moretti U, Leone R. Epidemiology and characteristics of adverse drug reactions caused by drug-drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012; 11(1):83-94. PMID: 22022824.' + '4' + '' }); Vue.component('ddi-ref-5', { template: '' + 'Preskorn SH. How drug-drug interactions can impact managed care. Am J Manag Care. 2004; 10(6 Suppl):S186-98. PMID: 15354676.' + '5' + '' }); Vue.component('ddi-ref-6', { template: '' + 'Kaiser Family Foundation. Health costs & budgets indicators: prescription drugs [Internet]. [cited 2015 Sep 10]. Available from: http://kff.org/state-category/health-costs-budgets/prescription-drugs/.' + '6' + '' }); Vue.component('ddi-rationale', { template: '
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Rationale

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Exposure to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is a significant cause of preventable drug-related harm. Although the consequences of DDIs can range from no untoward effects to life-threatening outcomes, studies indicate that DDIs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and increased healthcare utilization and costs.,, Furthermore, DDIs have also been found to be an important factor leading to hospital admissions. These findings are unfortunate given that DDIs are often avoidable, and the actual prevalence of exposure and harm from DDIs is likely underestimated.

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The safety concern posed by DDIs will continue to grow in importance as the complexity and uniqueness of medication regimens increases with the aging population. In 2014, the average number of prescriptions filled per person in the United States was 12.7, with an average of 27.9 prescriptions filled by individuals 65 years and older. This degree of medication use elevates the number of potential drug-related problems, including potentially serious DDIs.

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This measure was designed for monitoring and improving quality of care across populations of patients in health plans, pharmacy benefit managers, and pharmacy systems. DDIs included in this measure are drug pairs for which serious adverse effects have been reported or may be expected based on known pharmacology of the drugs involved. Therefore, co-prescription of the selected drug pairs has an unfavorable balance of benefits and harms for many, if not most, individuals, particularly in light of available pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic alternatives. In some cases, the drug pairs are almost always a poor choice. However, there are individuals in whom combined use of these medications may be appropriate. Thus, the drug pairs are a potential serious safety concern (i.e., potentially inappropriate) and merit special scrutiny, but are not universally unsafe or inappropriate in all patients. Furthermore, this should be considered a subset, not a comprehensive list, of DDIs that are a potential serious safety concern.

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' }); Vue.component('ddi', { template: '
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